What Are the Risk Factors for Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer is a serious and potentially deadly disease that affects the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat. It is estimated that over 54,000 Americans are diagnosed with oral or oropharyngeal cancer each year, and the disease accounts for approximately 10,000 deaths annually. Early detection is critical for successful treatment, making regular oral cancer screenings an essential part of preventive dental care. At Gwinnett Family Dental Care, we educate our patients on the risk factors, symptoms, and importance of screenings to protect their oral health.

Common Risk Factors for Oral Cancer

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing oral cancer. While some risk factors are lifestyle-related, others involve genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

• Tobacco Use: Tobacco is the leading cause of oral cancer. Those who smoke cigarettes, cigars, or pipes are at a much higher risk than non-smokers. In addition, chewing tobacco and smokeless tobacco products contain carcinogens that can increase the risk of oral cancer by 50 times.
• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: People who consume large amounts of alcohol are more likely to develop oral cancer, particularly when combined with tobacco use. Studies show that about 70% of people diagnosed with oral cancer are heavy drinkers.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV, particularly HPV-16, is a significant risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer (cancer in the back of the throat and tongue). This virus is responsible for a growing number of oral cancer cases, especially in younger adults who do not have a history of smoking or drinking.
• Prolonged Sun Exposure: Chronic exposure to the sun without protection can lead to lip cancer. Using lip balm with SPF, wearing hats, and limiting direct sun exposure can help lower this risk.
• Age and Gender: Men are twice as likely as women to develop oral cancer. The risk also increases with age, with most cases occurring in individuals over 40 years old.
• Poor Diet and Nutrition: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of oral cancer. Nutrients such as vitamins A, C, and E play a role in reducing cancer risk by supporting the immune system and promoting healthy cell function.

Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer

Early detection improves survival rates, making it crucial to recognize the warning signs of oral cancer. Symptoms include:

• Persistent sores or ulcers that do not heal
• White or red patches inside the mouth
• Lumps or thickening in the cheek or neck
• Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or chewing
• Unexplained bleeding or numbness in the mouth

The Importance of Oral Cancer Screenings

Regular oral cancer screenings can detect abnormalities early, increasing the chance of successful treatment. These screenings can detect changes to oral tissues that cannot be seen or felt by the patient. At Gwinnett Family Dental Care, we provide thorough screenings as part of routine dental exams. If you are at risk for oral cancer, schedule an appointment today for a comprehensive screening to protect your health.